‘Every man has two countries, his own and France” was once the motto of any good diplomat. In 18th-century Europe, social, military and intellectual power was concentrated in and around Paris. When General de Gaulle observed, in his memoirs, that he had always had “a certain idea of France,” one needed no clairvoyance to divine that he hankered after the role of Louis XIV, during whose long reign the sun had risen, with punctual ceremony, at Versailles. To take part in the Old World’s game r… (View original article)